Cancer Statistics
The following
statistics were collected from the website of the National
Cancer Institute and its associated web sites including CancerNet
and are ranked in order of lifetime risk of diagnosis.
Endometrial
Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Cervical
Cancer
Leiomyosarcoma/Uterine
Sarcoma (stats combined due to rarity)
* I've done my
best to cull out and review these numbers several times as have 2 other pairs
of eyes working with me on this. However, if anyone denotes any numbers that
seem incorrect or ARE incorrect, please email me immediately! For the complete
and most current report on all cancer statistics, please review the documentation
available from the National
Cancer Institute website. (Special thanks to Thucanh Nguyen for her work
on this data collection.)
Endometrial Cancer
Rate of Incidence
22.4 cases per
100,000 white women per year; 15.3 cases per 100,000 black women per year
(1992-1996).
Rank of Incidence
Fourth most common
cause of cancer among women in the United States.
- Lifetime risk of diagnosis is 2.68% for all races, 2.85% for whites and
1.72 in black women. (SEER stats for 1993-1997)
- Lifetime risk of death is .51 % for all races, .49% for whites, and .71%
for black women. (SEER stats for 1993-1997)
- There will be an estimated 36,100 new cases expected in the year 2000.
- Risk increases with increasing age in most racial groups.
- Onset age is 45 years.
- Most common among Hawaiians, Japanese and white women.
- Lowest rates are among Korean, Vietnamese, and American Indian women.
- Predominant risk factor is usage of exogenous menopausal estrogens.
- Highest in North America and northern Europe.
- Lowest in Asia and Africa.
- Marked increase and peak in 1975 and a decline thereof possibly resulting
from use of estrogen replacement therapy.
- Risk factors include high socioeconomic status and never given birth
or few pregnancies.
- A decrease in risk has been observed in women with multiple births.
- Associated with obesity and possibly with abnormal glucose tolerance.
- Obesity, associated with increased levels of estrogen, has been linked
to increasing risk of endometrial cancer.
Mortality
Rates
3.2 deaths per
100,000 population per year (white); 6 deaths per 100,000 population per year
(black).
- There will be approximately 6,500 deaths in the year 2000.
- Highest among Hawaiian women, followed by black women.
Survival Rates (1992-1996)
- 93% survive after the first year.
- 95% survive after 5 years (if detected at an early stage).
- 64% survive if detected during the regional stage.
OVARIAN
CANCER
Women
with a strong, clearly documented risk of ovarian cancer within their
family may have a sound reason to perhaps ask the gynecological surgeon
to remove their ovaries while performing their hysterectomy even when
they are not diseased or cancerous at all.
Around
7% of all ovarian cancer is thought to be genetically related. Women
who have witnessed the painful death of a close family member to ovarian
cancer would, therefore, have compelling reason to want to avoid that
prospect for themselves.
You
should be aware, however, that an ovarian-type cancer could still occur
in the pelvic region even without the presence of the ovaries - if you're
destined to get this type of cancer, removing the ovaries does not,
necessarily, protect you.
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Ovarian Cancer
Rate of Incidence
United States
(1987-1991)
- 15.6 per 100,000 female population per year (white)
- 10.3 per 100,000 (black)
Rank
- Fifth in incidence among women in the United States
- Lifetime risk of being diagnosed with ovarian cancer is 1.71% for all
races: 1.82% for whites, and 1.04% for black women. (SEER stats for 1993-1997)
- Lifetime risk of dying from ovarian cancer is 1.04% for all races: 1.09%
for whites, and .75% for black women. (SEER stats for 1993-1997)
- In 1994, there were approximately 24,000 new cases of ovarian cancer
in the U.S.
- Women with breast cancer have a 70% risk of getting ovarian cancer.
- Incidence increases with age and risk is three to five times greater
in women whose mother or sister has developed ovarian cancer.
- Reproductive and menstrual factors affect the risk of developing ovarian
cancer. Women with more full-term pregnancies (usually 3 or greater) have
about half the risk of those with none. Average reduction in risk is approximately
13-19% per pregnancy. Oral contraceptives may decrease risk while women
with difficulties getting pregnant have an increased risk.
- Dietary fats may cause a slight increase in risk.
- Age at first birth, age at menarche and menopause, alcohol, coffee and
tobacco have little or no risk.
- Incidence rates are highest among American Indian women, followed by
white, Vietnamese, white Hispanic, and Hawaiian women. Lowest rates are
among Korean and Chinese women.
Rate of Mortality
United States
(1987-1991)
- 8 per 100,000 population per year (white)
- 6.5 per 100,000 population per year (black)
In 1994, there were 13,600 deaths from ovarian cancer. These rates have declined
slightly over the years. Mortality
rates are highest among white women, followed by Hawaiian and black women.
Survival
Rates
- 5 year survival rate for all races is 42% (1994).
Cervical Cancer
United States
- 2.7% of American
women are diagnosed with cervical cancer.
- 78% of cervical
cancers are diagnosed at the in situ stage.
World Rates
(1992)
- 40 cases per
100,000 population per year.
- 7.3 cases
per 100,000 population (white).
- 11.2 cases
per 100,000 population (black).
Incidence
Rates
- Lifetime risk
of diagnosis is .85% for all races, .78% for whites and 1.12% for black
women (SEER stats for 1993-1997).
- Lifetime
risk of death is .31 % for all races, .27% for whites, and .58% for black
women. (SEER stats for 1993-1997)
- Incidence
and mortality for invasive cervical cancer have declined about 40% since
the 1970's. Mortality declined right before PAP smears became widely used.
- Highest incidence
rates are 43 cases per 100,000 population in Vietnamese women (1987-1991).
- Lowest incidence
rates are 5.8 cases per 100,000 population in Japanese women (1987-1991).
- Risk factors
are early age at initiation of sexual activity, multiple sex partners, infection
with the human papilloma virus 16, and cigarette smoking.
- Low intake
of vitamin C and beta carotene may increase risk of cervical cancer.
Rate of Mortality
United States
(1986-88)
- 2.7% in all
women.
- 6.7% in black
women.
- 7 deaths per
100,000 population per year (white).
- 12 deaths
per 100,000 population per year (black).
- 4,600 deaths
expected in year 2000.
- Mortality
rates are about 50-80% lower than incidence rates.
- Black women
have the highest mortality rate.
- Lowest mortality
rate occurs among Japanese women.
- Highest mortality
rates in Mexico and central America.
Survival
Rates (5 year survival rate 1987-1991)
- 56% (black).
- 70% (white).
- Survival rates
may be affected by socioeconomic status and sexual behavior.
Leiomyosarcoma/Uterine Sarcoma
(combined statistics)
Rate of Incidence
- 1.7 women per 100,000 female population per year are diagnosed with uterine
sarcoma.
- 18.2% of all sarcoma cases are leiomyosarcoma.
- Less than
1% of gynecologic malignancies are uterine sarcoma.
- Age of onset
is from 45-55 years of age.
- 10-25% of
the cases are due to prior pelvic radiation.
- 5 year survival
rate for patients with stage l disease is 50%. Survival rate for patients
in the remaining stages are 0-20%.
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